There are regular conflicts between the traditionally divided software organization i.e. dev and ops teams during the software development process for delivering the software to the end-user. DevOps overcome these conflicts by automating the processes between the development and operations team in such a way that they can build, test, and release the software successfully and efficiently to the end-user. Globally, more and more organizations are adopting DevOps. As Pakistan’s software industry is progressively growing while DevOps is a relatively new concept, there is a need for DevOps awareness and understanding towards its adoption and practices. This paper evaluated DevOps awareness and identified the practices adopted in Pakistan’s software organizations and suggested generic guidelines for DevOps transition. A questionnaire-based survey is conducted to collect data and various DevOps sub-activities being practiced. The survey analysis and results depicted that Pakistan’s Software Industry is making efforts towards the adoption of DevOps but due to lack of its awareness, most of the DevOps practices are not fully adopted yet. According to the DevOps evolution model, only one-eighth of Pakistan’s software organizations are at the self-service stage, while the rest of them are still struggling at the normalization and standardization stage.

The increasing threats of plastics to the natural environment encouraged the production of bio-plastics from renewable biomass resources. The premium quality of bio-plastics are mainly produced by treating starch with glycerol. Plastics are basically non-biodegradable synthetic or semi synthetic products. This study aims at analyzing the degradation patterns of bio-plastics. The bio-plastics are ecologically less toxic than the synthetic plastic materials. The bio-plastics can degrade in several environmental conditions including aquatic environment, compost and soil. The bioplastic materials are buried in composite soil or loam sand to analyze degradation activity by taking photographic data and measuring the weight. Effect of weather conditions on the degradation activity was analyzed by recording different weather conditions including temperature, humidity, rainfall sunshine intensity and duration of sunlight. The comparative results portrayed the degradation activity of bio-plastics which was accomplished through hydrophilic enzymes. The initial regenerating material absorbs moisture of soil after saturation and the weight was increased up to 87%. The weight of bio-plastics reduced steadily after the initiation of decomposition. Invasion of soil microorganisms enhance the degradation activity. The environmental features including rainfall, humidity and sunlight intensity also affects the disintegration of bioplastics. The increased intensity of sunshine increased the microbial activity of soil which in turn increased the rate of degradation of bio-plastics.

The irrigation system throughout the world is affected by the variations in water content due to different soil structure, textures and climate change. The irrigation system supplies sufficient water to the agricultural fields in order to fulfill the prerequisites. The measurement of soil moisture content (62%) is crucial for precision irrigation and sustainable agricultural system. Site specific agricultural system was utilized to overcome all issues related to soil water moisture contents in the paddock. Smart technology was utilized to record GPS signals utilizing the signals reflected on the Earth’s surface. The GPS was utilized to analyze dielectric soil properties and moisture content in proposed areas. The main objective of this study was to determine water content with stimulus soil type, ground cover and compaction on the irrigation system by utilizing the GPS-based techniques. The result indicated positive relation between soil moisture content and the signals reflected on the earth surface. All factors affecting the irrigation system were not related to the reflected signals and did not affect the soil moisture content. The reflectivity was not reduced by ground cover. Whereas, comparative relationship was found between soil moisture content and reflectivity index i.e. soil moisture contents were increased with reflectivity index up to 0.02 %. The results showed that GPS signals system have significant impact on estimation of soil moisture content in precise irrigation system.

An earthquake of September 24, 2013 with a magnitude of 7.7Mw destroyed extensive region of Awaran district located in province Baluchistan in southern Pakistan, the earthquake was nearly 10km deep below the surface of earth. This convulsion brought a havoc in the inaccessible and remote regions and victimized nearly 810 families. This tremor destroyed the non-engineered human structure within 100 km of the earthquake which caused tremendous loss of human lives. In this paper Digital elevation model (DEM) was utilized to study active deformation and mapped the isobase, relative relief, drainag density incision and vertical dissections which indicates that Awaran Fault sinisterly active in NNE-SSW direction and the deformations were highlighted. The high value of drainage density was observed on northern east and in the central region of southern west region of Awaran district. The drainage density is elevated by accelerated erosion in surrounding region. DEM and remote sensing tools proved efficient to study the region efficiently.

Heavy metals are chemical elements that are poisonous and toxic comprising of both necessary and unnecessary trace metals. All aquatic organisms require very low amount of these metals yet in case where these values exceed to certain range, threshold harmful effects are levied upon the ecosystem. The aim of this study was to estimate the bioaccumulation of heavy and trace metals (Cr, Mn, Ni, Fe, Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn) in fish using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Samples of fish were procured from Ghizer and Astore districts of Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan. The concentration of Cr, Pb, Cu and Cd were almost same and depicted low tendency of bioaccumulation as per WHO guidelines. The fish from Ghizer was having high concentration of Zn and Fe in intestine. While the concentration of Fe in muscles and intestine from the Astore species was slightly high. The highest concentration of Ni (10.09 ppm) was found in liver tissues of rainbow trout, while the lowest concentration (6.74 ppm) was in the fins of fish from Astore. In case of Cr, the highest concentration (3.8 ppm) was found in liver from both sampling sites, but the lowest concentration (0.24 ppm) was in the muscles of Ghizer Rainbow trout. The highest concentration of cu (6.09 ppm) was in the muscles of fish from Astore, but the lowest concentration (2.32 ppm) was found in many organs of fish from both study sites. Although the concentration of Zn, Mn and Fe were within the limits, however, the highest concentration of Pb (0.79 ppm) was in the muscles and the highest concentration of Cd (0.38 ppm) was in the skin of Ghizer rainbow trout. Concentration of Lead exceeded the limits of FAO/WHO in every organ of fish in both study areas, while all the other metals were in the maximum limits.